The exposure to man-made extremely low electromagnetic fields (ELF-MFs < 300 Hz) and radiofrequency (RF-EMFs 10 MHz-300 GHz) has grown as the demand for electronic wireless devices increases. This has raised several doubts and concerns about their effect on biological systems, mainly related to the alteration of the redox balance. The higher sensitivity of the nervous system to this kind of radiation has made it the most studied tissue. In this chapter, a complete and in-depth analysis of epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies about this topic is performed. Results highlight an incomplete understanding of the effects of EMFs on biological systems due to the intrinsic difficulty in tracing the actual exposure to which humans are subjected daily in terms of time, intensity, distance from the source, and in the lack of a fully knowledge of the molecular and cellular pathways affected by EMFs. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.