An ethanolic extract of Corylus avellana L. hazelnut was characterised by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. We here evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic response to such extract in HepG2 cells and tried to depict the underlying mechanism(s) in terms of microRNA-34b/c involvement. Following long-term exposure (144h) of HepG2 cells with 0.04-0.4 mg/ml of hazelnut extract, we demonstrated that miR-34 precursor RNA and both mature miR-34b and miR-34c molecules underwent a significant stimulation (>2-fold change, p < 0.05) in cells treated with the highest concentration. The epigenetic modulation was accompanied by the inhibition of cell proliferation, the decrease of viability and activation of apoptosis at 144h of treatment with 0.4 mg/ml of hazelnut. These in vitro findings demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of the C. avellana extract in HepG2 cells and open the way to in vivo validation of possible application of hazelnut-based extracts, and/or its metabolites, as promising epigenetics drugs. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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