The effects of radiation are investigated through an integrated mechanistic approach combining advanced experimental models (in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo) and innovative biotechnologies such as omics approaches. Research covers both the therapeutic use of radiation and radioprotection, with particular attention to oncological diseases of high social impact. Activities include the assessment of individual absorbed doses of ionizing radiation in cases of accidental overexposure (occupational exposure or nuclear incidents) using biological dosimetry methods. An important application of the expertise developed in the field of radiation biology concerns the impact of cosmic radiation on biological systems both in vitro and in vivo, the development of innovative biological countermeasures, and the identification of biomarkers of radiation exposure.