Research in nanotechnology has shown that nanometer sized particles can offer promising solutions for the delivery of drugs and biomolecules. Through the synergy of multidisciplinary expertise, lipidic nanoparticles, specifically plant virus nanoparticles and plant assembled virus-like particles, represent ideal candidates for several biomedical applications. The ability to modify both their internal and external surfaces, combined with detailed molecular characterization of target cells, facilitates the development of personalized therapies and allows the therapeutic agent to be directed precisely to the tissue of interest, thus minimizing unwanted side effects. Owing to their unique properties, these nanoparticles are being studied at ENEA not only for theranostic applications but also for the development of novel vaccine formulations and as catalytic scaffolds for enzyme subunits.